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Neue Wache, Karl Friedrich Schinkel (Berlin, 1816) "The small simple building in Berlin has the form of a Roman castrum with four corner towers. Since 1960, the building is used as a memorial for the victims of the fascism and militarism." ("Fusion of Form & Function - Neue Wache" http://library.thinkquest.org/26491/db-building.php3?browser=2&buildingIndex=12)
"The Latin word castra, with its singular castrum, was used by the ancient Romans to mean any building or plot of land reserved to or constructed for use as a military defensive position." ("Castra - Wikipedia" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castrum)
"The reconstructed West gate at Arbeia Roman Fort in South Shields, near Newcastle upon Tyne." ("Image:Arbeia Roman Fort reconstructed gateway.jpg - Wikipedia" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Arbeia_Roman_Fort_reconstructed_gateway.jpg)
Temple of Apollo (Paestum, 450 BCE)
Frank Lloyd Wright, 1867-1959
Charnley House, Chicago, 1891 (while working for Adler and Sullivan) Wright's House and Studio, Oak Park, Illinois, begun 1893
Drafting studio Playroom on the second floor Unity Temple (Oak Park, Illinois, 1906) |
Grant's Tomb
(1890)
Chiswick House (1725)
Grant's Tomb
| Robie House
(Oak Park, Illinois, 1909)
|
| Aline Barnsdall
House (Los Angeles, 1919-20)
Guggenheim Museum, New York City, NY, designed 1942-3, built 1957-60  Images & some text from http://intranet.arc.miami.edu/rjohn/ARC%20268%20-%202003/FLWright.ht m Frank Lloyd Wright's Japanese Legacy http://www.worldandi.com/subscribers/feature_detail.asp?num=24985 Arts and Crafts in America: Stickley, Greene & Greene, Maybeck Gustav Stickley (1858-1942): "[S]ynthesized, romanticized, and popularized the Arts
&
Crafts style of architecture during the first two decades of [20th]
century. He published descriptions and drawings of homes in his
magazine
The Craftsman beginning in 1901. In the January 1904
issue,
he featured the first official Craftsman Home and announced that
henceforth
the magazine would feature at least one house a month, and
subscribers
could send away for a set of plans for one house from the series per
year, free of charge. The Craftsman plans offered the average
American
family a house that was a home, based on the bedrock virtues of
beauty,
simplicity, utility, and organic harmony.
"How do we recognize a Craftsman Home?
"The rich had Greene & Greene, Frank Lloyd Wright, and others as their Arts & Crafts-style architects. The poorer folk built Sears and Aladdin 'kit' homes. "The middle class used Stickley's Craftsman Home plans, which they modified to suit their tastes and requirements and had built by local builders." ("Craftsman Home ID Guide" http://www.ragtime.org/arch/rs/ ) Charles Greene and Henry Greene Gamble House (Pasadena, 1907)
James House (Carmel) Bernard Maybeck, 1862-1957 Hearst Hall (Berkeley, 1899, moved 1901, burned 1922) Built for Phoebe Hearst to house events related to her international competition for a campus design for Berkeley; subsequently reassembled as a gymnasium for the campus. Roos House (San Francisco, 1909)
The main living room with gothic furniture and light fittings designed by Maybeck. Wallen Maybeck House II, (CA, 1937)
Note the industrial steel sash windows, and the poured concrete walls which sandwich a layer rice hull insulation.
First Church of Christ, Scientist (Berkeley, 1910)
Note the industrial sash glazing combined with gothic tracery windows.
Panama Pacific Exposition (San Francisco, 1915) "Maybeck seemed to think highly of [this] essay. He would later send copies to prospective clients, to explain his architecture: "In discussing a subject such as that of making plans for a World's Fair, it is necessary to assume that the hearers admit there are mental processes not to be expressed in language. The first example that comes to our mind is the process of understanding music. Stone and wood construction proper bears the same relation to architecture that the piano, for instance, does to the music played upon it. Music and architecture are vehicles of expression for phases of our human experience. "Omitting construction, we will discuss only the architecture as a conveyor of ideas and sentiments. The combinations and arrangements of the buildings and gardens at the Fair were planned according to the principles discovered by the French architects. Besides other phases, the fundamental idea was that the picture presented by the ground plan of a group of buildings and their surroundings should be agreeable to the eye, and therefore in the development of the plan it is treated as though it were an ornament without regard to the fact that it represents buildings. "If the plan
of the Panama-Pacific International Exposition group of main
buildings
were reduced in scale to the size of a golden brooch and the courts
and buildings were made in Venetian cloisonne' jewelry, that brooch
thus made would pass as the regular thing in jewelry without causing
the suspicion that it represented a plan for a World's
Fair...."
("Bernard Maybeck: On Architecture: The Palace of Fine Arts"
http://www.oregoncoast.net/maybeckpalace.html)
.jpg)
Detail of the encompassing colonnade 
Images and some text from http://intranet.arc.miami.edu/rjohn/ARC%20268%20-%202003/Arts%20and %20Crafts.htm Art Nouveau "Art Nouveau was an artistic weaving together of traditional influences -- Japanese, the Arts and Crafts movement, medieval manuscript illumination, Rococo line and composition -- into an innovative synthesis emphasizing natural imagery in an era of industrialization. Between the years of approximately 1890 to 1910, the Art Nouveau movement began resurrecting the sinuous line from past influences to create an elegant whiplash curve. The impact of the movement is still present in modern day design and art." ("Art Nouveau" http://www.discovery.mala.bc.ca/web/gabourynd/ArtNouveau.htm) "Art Nouveau was in many ways a response to the Industrial Revolution. Some artists welcomed technological progress and embraced the aesthetic possibilities of new materials such as cast iron. Others deplored the shoddiness of mass-produced machine-made goods and aimed to elevate the decorative arts to the level of fine art by applying the highest standards of craftsmanship and design to everyday objects. Art Nouveau designers also believed that all the arts should work in harmony to create a total work of art, or Gesamtkunstwerk: buildings, furniture, textiles, clothes, and jewelry all conformed to the principles of Art Nouveau." ("Art Nouveau" http://www.nga.gov/feature/nouveau/exhibit_intro.shtm) Otto Wagner, 1841-1918 Karlsplatz underground station (Vienna, 1894)
Postal
Savings
Bank (Vienna, 1904-06, 1910-12)
Joseph Maria Olbrich, 1867-1908 Secession Building, 1897  Hector Guimard, 1867-1942 Paris Metro Stations, 1900-13
Charles Rennie Mackintosh, 1868-1928
Images and some text from http://intranet.arc.miami.edu/rjohn/ARC%20268%20-%202003/ArtNouveau. htm Highland Park Ford Motor Co plant, Albert Kahn,1909 Deutscher Werkbund "The Deutscher Werkbund (German Work Federation) was a German association of artists, architects, designers, and industrialists. The Werkbund was to become an important event in the development of modern architecture and industrial design, particularly in the later creation of the Bauhaus school of design. Its initial purpose was to establish a partnership of product manufacturers with design professionals to improve the competitiveness of German companies in global markets. "The Werkbund was founded in 1907 in Munich at the instigation of Hermann Muthesius, existed through 1934, then re-established after World War II in 1950. Muthesius was the author of the exhaustive three-volume The English House of 1905, a survey of the practical lessons of the English Arts and Crafts movement. Muthesius was seen as something of a cultural ambassador, or industrial spy, between Germany and England. "The
Werkbund
was less an artistic movement than a state-sponsored effort to integrate
traditional crafts and industrial mass-production techniques, to put
Germany on a competitive footing with England and the United
States.
("Deutscher Werkbund - Wikipedia"
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutscher_Werkbund) Werkbundsiedlung 1927 "The Weissenhofsiedlung is considered one of the most important monuments of the Neues Bauen movement. It was created in 1927 as a building exhibition of Deutsche Werkbund and was funded by the City of Stuttgart. None of the subsequent expositions by Deutsche Werkbund achieved a comparable international charisma. Despite significant destruction during World War II, the ensemble of buildings today represents highly valued cultural heritage of the 20th century with early works of architects who shaped modern architecture. In some special way, Weissenhofsiedlung represents the social, aesthetic, and technological changes following the end of World War I. Using the programmatic title Die Wohnung ('The Housing'), this Werkbund exposition demonstrated the renunciation from habitats characterized by pre-industrial periods. In these 33 houses with 63 apartments, a total of 17 architects from Germany, France, Holland, Belgium and Austria formulated their solutions for living arrangements of the modern big city dweller, coupled with the use and implementation of new building materials and effective construction methods. As part of this novel and overall urban concept, typical buildings for cost-effective mass production were created but also buildings of great architectural variety." ("Weissenhofsiedlung" http://www.weissenhof2002.de/english/weissenhof.html) Peter Behrens Hans Scharoun
Review for First Slide Test: http://lifeloom.com/263FirstSlideTest.htm |
Promotional poster 
"The
building [Glasgow School of Art] was designed by Charles Rennie Mackintosh
and the first half of the building was completed in 1899 and the second
in 1909." (Glasgow School of Art - Wikipedia 
