| Rosalie Stafford (homepage lifeloom.com) rosalie_stafford@yahoo.com office hours by appointment |
AR263 |
| Week 10 | 13
June 2008 |
EXPOSITIONS "From the first major nineteenth century exposition, the 1851 Crystal Palace fair in London to Philadelphia's 1876 Centennial Exhibition to Paris' Exposition Universelle of 1889, hundreds of millions of people around the world visited over 50 international fairs in the last half of the century, finding in them not only entertainment, but cultural enlightenment, commercial opportunity, and a reflection of their age. " ("World's Columbian Exposition - Introduction" http://xroads.virginia.edu/~MA96/WCE/introduction.html) See http://www.csufresno.edu/library/subjectresources/specialcollections/wor ldfairs/otherlinks.html
Crystal Palace (London, 1851) "The Crystal Palace was built to house the Great Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations in Hyde Park, London, in 1851. After the Exhibition, it was moved and expanded and rebuilt on Sydenham Hill overlooking London, where it enjoyed a second life from 1854 until its destruction in a horrific fire in 1936." ("The Crystal Palace" http://www.ric.edu/faculty/rpotter/cryspal.html)
World's Fair (Chicago, 1893) "The World's Columbian Exposition, held in Chicago in 1893, was the last and the greatest of the nineteenth century's World's Fairs. Nominally a celebration of Columbus' voyages 400 years prior, the Exposition was in actuality a reflection and celebration of American culture and society--for fun, edification, and profit--and a blueprint for life in modern and postmodern America." ("World's Columbian Exposition - Introduction" http://xroads.virginia.edu/~MA96/WCE/introduction.html)
A model of the tomb won Sullivan a prize at the Internation Exposition, Paris, 1900. World's Fair (Paris, 1900)
Panama-Pacific Exposition (San Francisco, 1915)
International Exposition of Decorative Arts (Paris, 1925) "This exhibition generated the term Art Deco to describe designs in terms of a broad decoratively 'modern' style, characterized by a streamlined classicism and facetted, crystalline structures, embellished with decorative references to sleek machinery, and recurrent motifs of stylized fountains, gazelles, lightning flashes, 'Aztec' motifs and similar repertory, derived in part from Decorative Cubism. "The central body of exhibits seemed to present the fashionable products of the luxury market, a signal that, after the disasters of World War I, Paris still reigned supreme in the arts of design. At the same time, other examples such as the Esprit Nouveau pavilion and the Soviet pavilion were distinctly not decorative, they contained furnishings and paintings but these works, including the pavilions, were spare and modern. The modern architecture of Le Corbusier and Konstantin Melnikov attracted both criticism and admiration for its lack of ornamentation." ("Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes - Wikipedia" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exposition_Internationale_des_Arts_D%C3 %A9coratifs_et_Industriels_Modernes)
Weissenhof Estate (Stuttgart, 1927) 
International Exposition (Barcelona, 1929)
 The
Barcelona Pavilion existed only six months, during the course
of the 1929 exposition; it was re-built during the 1990s as a permanent
exhibit.
International Exhibition of Modern Architecture (New York, 1932) "The International style was a major architectural style of the 1920s and 1930s. The term usually refers to the buildings and architects of the formative decades of Modernism, before World War II. The term had its origin from the name of a book by Henry-Russell Hitchcock and Philip Johnson written to record the International Exhibition of Modern Architecture held at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City in 1932 which identified, categorised and expanded upon characteristics common to Modernism across the world. As a result, the focus was more on the stylistic aspects of Modernism. Hitchcock's and Johnson's aims were to define a style of the time, which would encapsulate this modern architecture. They identified three different principles:
All the works which were displayed as part of the exhibition were carefully selected, as only works which strictly followed the set of rules were displayed." ("International style (architecture) - Wikipedia" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_style_%28architecture%29)
International Exposition (Paris, 1937)
See http://lartnouveau.com/art_deco/expo_1937/pavillons_pays.htm World's Fair (New York, 1939)
See http://xroads.virginia.edu/~1930s/DISPLAY/39wf/frame.htm Expo 67 (Montreal, 1967)
"Housing was one of the main themes of Expo 67. Habitat 67 then became a thematic pavilion visited by thousands of visitors who came from around the world. During the Fair, it was also the temporary residence of the many dignitaries coming to Montreal. "It was designed to integrate the variety and diversity of scattered private homes with the economics and density of a modern apartment building. Modular, interlocking concrete forms define the space. The project was designed to create affordable housing with close but private quarters, each equipped with a garden. The complex was originally meant to be vastly larger. Ironically, the building's units are now quite expensive rather than 'affordable' due to its architectural cachet. It is now a privately owned condominium complex since it was purchased by its tenants in 1985. "Safdie hoped that his vision of interlocking modules would become widespread. However Safdie's attempts to build similar structures elsewhere in the world all failed to be funded." ("Habitat 67 - Wikipedia" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habitat_67) |
See:
Detail, Guaranty Building (Buffalo, 1894)
"Carrie
Eliza Getty Tomb, (Chicago, 1890), designed by the noted American
architect, Louis Sullivan of the firm Adler & Sullivan." ("Carrie
Eliza Getty Tomb - Wikipedia" 
Eiffel Tower & Celestial Globe
Main
Entrance
(Porte Monumental) René Binet, architect.
"This controversial structure on the Place de la Concorde
was both ridiculed and praised by the Parisian press. Beneath its grand
arch were ticket-booths for entrance into the fairgrounds." ("NGA
- Paris Exhibition 1900: Main Entrance (Porte Monumental)"
"The
single story building has no real function--it is the exhibit. The plan
is asymmetric and fluid with a continuous flow of space. Wall partitions
are made of both transparent and opaque glass as well as highly polished
marble. The low flat roof is supported by delicate metal supports. As
has often been noted, the building has a kind of classical serenity."
("Barcelona Pavilion by Mies van der Rohe"
Note
resemblance to famous Chicago department store
"The
1939-40 New York World's Fair marks a significant moment
in American history. As the nation looked backward over the scarred
landscape of the Depression and outward to ominous clouds gathering
in Europe, the Fair offered a vision of tomorrow that was clean, safe,
and brimming with consumer goods. Under the shadow of the gleaming Perisphere
and Trylon, the New York World's Fair depicted futuristic technologies
such as television and the interstate highway system while displaying
the crafts and products of its day." ("Images
from the 1939 New York World's Fair" 
Irving
Gill House, representative of his mature style 
"Schindler's
early buildings are usually characterized by concrete construction.
The Kings Road House, Pueblo Ribera Court, Lovell Beach House, Wolfe
House, and How house are the most frequently identified projects. The
Kings Road house was to work as a studio and home for Schindler, his
wife, and friends Clyde and Marian DaCamara Chace. The floor plan worked
itself around several L shapes, and the construction features included
tilt up concrete panels cast on site, which contrasted with the more
'open' walls of redwood and glass. It has largely become the symbol
of Schindler's architecture."
("Rudolph Schindler (architect) - Wikipedia" 
Pueblo Ribera
